This study examined links between undergraduates’ sense of belonging, student characteristics, and academic outcomes. Using a multicomponent in-group identification model, we analyzed repeated cross-sectional survey data linked to institutional records for 1,648 students across seven semesters. Structural equation modeling showed a negative association between belonging and term GPA. Belonging components varied by demographics, enrollment status, and involvement. Findings underscore the need for targeted, data-driven belonging interventions to inform retention and success strategies.
Grabsch, D. K., Kunovich, R. M., Billar, B., & Wasay, A. (2026). Sense of belonging’s relationship to academic outcomes and student characteristics. Journal of Student Affairs Research and Practice, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/19496591.2026.2745842
